Nakers

Including a comment on an earlier post about drums, I have had a recent coincidence  of references drums and trumpets at medieval events. As mentioned in that comment, Gawayne and the Green Knight describes trumpets, nakers and pipes at a feast. Then I saw a small exhibition at the Met in New York (my present location) about 'bazm & razm' ('feast & fight' in Persian medieval kingship) which noted particularly the frequent conjunction of trumpets and naqqara in illustrations of hunting and battle. And then ran across the book by Frank D'Accone 'The civic muse', about music in Sienna in the middle ages and renaissance, which describes frequent reference in the 14th century town council accounts to trumpets and nakers, e.g.

A decree from 11 August 1379 mentions eight tenured musicians and says that henceforth the six trumpeters, the shawm player and the drummer [often specified as the nakers player] were each to have two new uniforms every year but they would not receive a salary for the months in which clothing was issued.